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ASTM B729: Specifies seamless nickel-iron-chromium-molybdenum-copper alloy pipe and tube for chemical processing.
ASTM B829: Defines general requirements for nickel and nickel alloy seamless pipe, covering testing and certification.
EN 2.4660: European standard for nickel-chromium-iron-molybdenum alloys, aligning with international corrosion resistance benchmarks.
ASME SB729/SB829: Pressure vessel and high-temperature service compliance.
Outer Diameter (OD): 6 mm to 457 mm (0.24" to 18"), supporting small-bore tubing to large-diameter process pipes.
Wall Thickness: 1 mm to 45 mm (0.04" to 1.77"), available in standard schedules (e.g., SCH10 to SCH160) or custom sizes.
Length: Customizable up to 12 meters, with standard lengths of 6 meters; cut-to-length services reduce material waste.
Element | Range | Role in Alloy |
---|---|---|
C | ≤0.07 | Controls carbide formation to maintain corrosion resistance. |
Mn | ≤2.00 | Stabilizes austenite and improves weldability. |
P | ≤0.045 | Minimizes brittleness; controlled for formability. |
S | ≤0.035 | Reduces hot shortness during fabrication. |
Si | ≤1.00 | Enhances oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. |
Ni | 32.00-38.00 | Core component for corrosion resistance, especially in reducing acids. |
Cr | 19.00-21.00 | Forms protective oxide layer, boosting resistance to oxidizing environments. |
Mo | 2.00-3.00 | Improves pitting resistance in chloride-rich media. |
Nb+Ta | 8C-1.00 | Prevents sensitization by stabilizing carbides, enhancing intergranular strength. |
Fe | Balance | Provides structural strength and cost efficiency. |
Property | Value | Significance in Applications |
---|---|---|
Tensile Strength | ≥80 ksi (550 MPa) | Enables use in high-pressure systems without wall thickness overdesign. |
Yield Strength | ≥35 ksi (240 MPa) | Ensures dimensional stability under sustained loading. |
Elongation at Break | ≥30% | Facilitates cold forming, bending, and complex fabrication. |
Hardness (HBW) | ≤180 | Balances machinability with wear resistance for installation. |
Impact Toughness | ≥100 J/cm² at 20°C | Maintains ductility in low-temperature applications. |
Process Flow:
Vacuum induction melting (VIM) for chemical purity
Hot-rolling of ingots into billets
Cold-drawing/extrusion for dimensional precision
Annealing at 1040-1120°C to refine grain structure
Pickling to remove scale and ensure surface cleanliness
Surface Treatments:
Pickled & Annealed (standard): Removes oxidation, ideal for general corrosion resistance.
Polished (Ra ≤0.8μm): Meets hygienic standards for food/pharmaceutical use.
Bright Annealed: Preserves surface luster via controlled atmosphere heating.
Testing Regime:
100% PMI (Positive Material Identification)
Hydrostatic pressure testing (1.5x design pressure)
Intergranular corrosion (IGC) testing per ASTM A262 Practice E
Non-destructive evaluation (UT/ET) for internal defects
Mill Test Certificates (MTC): Compliant with EN 10204 3.1/3.2, including chemical analysis, mechanical properties, and heat treatment records.
Third-Party Inspection: Available from Lloyd’s, DNV, or customer-designated bodies.
Marking: Laser-engraved with grade, size, heat number, manufacturer logo, and ASTM/ASME standards.
Sulfuric Acid Systems: Handles 20-80% H₂SO₄ at temperatures up to 120°C in fertilizer production, metal pickling, and petrochemical refining.
Reactors & Distillation Columns: Resists corrosion from mixed acids (e.g., nitric + hydrofluoric) in pharmaceutical intermediates and dye synthesis.
Storage Tanks: Protects against stress corrosion cracking in organic acid storage (e.g., acetic, formic acid).
Acid Gas Treating: Used in amine regeneration units and sulfur recovery plants, resisting H₂S and CO₂ corrosion.
Heat Exchangers: Maintains efficiency in high-temperature, high-pressure services (e.g., crude oil pre-heaters).
Pipeline Systems: Suitable for transporting corrosive hydrocarbons and sour fluids.
Acid-Based Processing: Handles citrus juices, vinegar, and pickling solutions without contamination risk.
Brewing & Distillation: Resists chloride-induced pitting in cooling water systems and fermentation tanks.
Hygienic Pipelines: Polished surfaces meet 3-A Sanitary Standards for food-grade applications.
Acidic Reactions: Supports synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in hydrochloric acid environments.
Dye Bath Equipment: Withstands oxidative dyes and reducing agents in textile processing.
Waste Treatment: Handles acidic effluents in chemical waste neutralization systems.
Brine Handling: Resists chloride stress corrosion in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plants.
Acidified Water Systems: Maintains integrity in water treatment chemicals (e.g., sulfuric acid for pH adjustment).